Tuesday, August 25, 2020

The Adventures of Nevzorov, or Ibikus Review Essay Example

The Adventures of Nevzorov, or Ibikus Review Paper Article on The Adventures of Nevzorov, or Ibikus And furthermore: Tales basic soul, The Adventures of Nikita Roshchina, Black Friday All the works are joined by solidarity of time, truly, on a fundamental level, and the destiny this account of disturbed occasions to be specific, the progressive stagnation.. Just as the solidarity of the shocking clashes the destiny of individuals, broken because of breaking the standard old-system method of escaping from the nation, to group in emigre corners By and large, it is bizarre that the school educational program (in spite of the fact that in her nursery is long late. disseminate the profound stones) limits Alexei Tolstoy amazingly exhausting and honestly silly Peter the Great. All things considered, who read the Talmud? You? You? What's more, you? Congrats! I was unable to stand this mortification of brain and vistibulyarnym mechanical assembly together. All things considered, he has a fine works of the twenties, has not polluted ideological garbage, however, worm them effectively noticeable in certain spots, even in the equivalent Ibikuse . Furthermore, there is a great fiction books! Aelita very zhyulvernosky novel, or The hyperboloid of Engineer Garin in light of the fact that the thing, isn't it, not futile Well Choi to Cinema bunch called Garin and hyperboloids! A youngsters took care of yet in any case. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Adventures of Nevzorov, or Ibikus Review explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on The Adventures of Nevzorov, or Ibikus Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on The Adventures of Nevzorov, or Ibikus Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer With Ibikusom I met around five years back. Also, not in book structure. It was amazingly funny French craftsman Pascal Rabate. How secretive skull Ibikus demonstrated deadly sign for Semen Nevzorov the fundamental character and for me that was the sign Rabate. In collaboration with a splendid illustrators Yankey Bilal (and funnies Nikopol and the quadruplicate The fantasy beasts), they have changed for the last time, my disposition to funnies, as disgraceful of consideration messed up work! Ibikus, or Adventures of Nevzorov - this is a fascinating experience accounts of the undertakings of one Akaky. Or on the other hand Fedor Sagittarius which is no development, no brain, no mug. Indeed, there carried on a Statement Semen Nevzorov. Longing for balls and gatherings and himself served in humbly zhalovanevoy Road office, da ** Akhal once every week courtesan. Thus I would have experienced another 200,000 years, well, or if nothing else 40, up to his demise, if not an expectation vagabond that are coming his incredible experience. Despite the fact that the damnation expectation tramp soothsayer, it is there all the conductor and the experience will start soon, as soon Nevzorov revile to live in a period of progress. Also, fix the hot spinning merry go round: war, unrest, rebellion, departure, Moscow, steppes of Ukraine, Odessa. Royalists, progressives, revolutionaries, red, white, dark, green all blended one shading out earthy colored, to be specific milen sorry crap shadi ng. It is to this straightforward and right end and will, toward the finish, all things considered, isn't Simon, yet whether Simeon Navzraki, regardless of whether oglu Navzrak holder cockroach races and Primelles massage parlor. Yet, before that, have yakshatsya and with these, and other, get in the kidneys and from those, and from these. In spite of the way that the creator alludes to his saint with undisguised cause, as nitty gritty communicates toward the end, yet here and there, it appears to me, this story is self-portraying for Stalin prikormysha Alexei Nikolaevich a plague on both your homes. these lines would have been an ideal epigraph to the novel, however Tolstoy reveled power depicting deadhead Nevzorova, monarchists, blockheads, what didn't leave from reality, and the knight of the miserable Countenance progressive. Yet at the same time Alexei Tolstoy a genuine essayist, not completely one-sided, but since it was seen them right. Also, particularly that when it appears the entire world has gone frantic, even is such a dark mole as Nevzorov can become lord and swashbucklers prohindeev life .

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Kidney in Humans Body

Question: Compose an exposition on Kidney in Humans Body. Answer: Presentation: Just beneath the rib confine are the two bean-formed organs called kidneys. Kidneys in human body performs one of the most significant capacity the blood filtration and waste item discharge. Glomerulus equal with filtration are minor groups of veins present inside the kidney in which blood enters by means of stretching out courses. One kidney has around 1 million glomeruli in it. With Glomerulus (one glomeri) is connected a little liquid gathering tube called tubule. After the blood filtration in glomerulus the additional squanders and liquid goes through tubule and becomes pee. Lastly, the kidneys through an enormous considered ureter outrageous the pee into the bladder (5). A part of pathology, Histopathology is a specific investigation of the malady of the tissues by definition. Before the minuscule finding of the tissues they should go through various advances like obsession, implanting and recoloring. All together accomplish a progressively right conclusion there is a need of much increasingly exact arrangement, for example, enough obsession time, adequately thick or slight area, great quality recoloring and well installing (7). Therefore, all the engineering will be very much separated and clear. In addition, HE stain, extraordinary stain, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry are a portion of the various types of techniques in Histopathology for finding. Besides, recolored tissues examinations through magnifying instrument is perhaps the best technique to get quick and right determination. Other than utilizing HE, which is the normal stain, through this report, in the given tissue area we will attempt to recognize and analyze the anomalies by utilizing distinctive sort of exceptional stain. The infinitesimal assessment result will help in finding the specific explanation of patient manifestations (1). Methodes and Material: Alongside clinical history of the contextual investigation, HE area was given. After tiny assessment of HE area some malady has been accepted. Thus to distinguish the specific sort of the malady, five exceptional stains were thought about to be performed on five impeccable slides. As a matter of first importance by utilizing xylene the five slides alongside five control slides were de-waxed and afterward hydrated by dropping alcohols and further running faucet water. Besides, utilizing distinctive unique stain as marked each slide was recolored. In the third step, by rising alcohols all the segments were hydrated aside from that of gram stain slides, which were air-dried, at that point all the slides including gram stain slides were cleared with xylene. Further mounted by the utilization of DPX and afterward marked. At long last, all the slides were infinitesimally inspected and the outcomes were recorded (6). Conversation: Kidney in people is one of those organs, which have an excessive number of sicknesses related to it, for example, renal cell carcinoma, pyelonephritis and glumurlnephritis. Along these lines it requires a great deal of understanding to analyze the right infection. For our situation, a portion of the glomeruli are appearing as hypercellular and hyalinized in the HE area, however it very well may be deception likewise as it is hard to separate between mesangial cells and endothelial. Notwithstanding that, there is nearness of provocative cells in the HE segment. This could point towards aggravation of the kidney (9). Further, the patient is a young lady and taking a gander at other clinical highlights like hematuria with painand since ladies is at higher danger of kidney contamination due to a shorter urethra contrasted with men, so in my underlying determination I speculate the patient has pyelonephritis. So as to make certain in diagnosing the malady and dispense with some of them it is proposed five extraordinary stains to be utilized. Those exceptional stains are Masson Trichrome, Periodic corrosive Schiff, Gram Stain, and Ziehl-Neelsen technique for corrosive quick bacilli and Grocott Methinoamne Silver. First I have picked Gram Stain as it can recognize negative and positive gram microscopic organisms. A few microscopic organisms like E. coli or klebsiella through lower urinary tract framework can arrive at kidney and are most causative microscopic organisms for pyelonephritis, so as to recognize gram stain is required and recognize this sort of microbes if present (8). Furthermore, so as to wipe out the chance of renal tuberculosis Z-N stain were proposed to recognize the nearness of mycobacterium species that can cause the malady. It is conceivable that cow-like tubercle bacillusis liable for the ailment yet M. tuberculosis is the most widely recognized causative specialist (10). In this manner to distinguish if tuberculosis is available or not Z-N stain is essential to be performed. Thirdly, the GMS stain which shows the nearness of organisms. Cryptococcus, species candida and aspergillus are the contagious disease which have been accounted for to cause renal parenchymal, since the utilization of immunosuppressive treatment with organ transplantation has been expanded. Fourthly, in renal biopsy to exhibit and assess the measure of stringy connective tissue the stain Masson Trichrome were proposed. Notwithstanding that it will help in recognizing interstitial fibrosis and interstitial oedema. Besides it can without much of a stretch ascertain the lobular emphasis of the glomerular tufts and bowmans container (11). In conclusion, the stain PAS stain was proposed to assess the glomerulus as it is the best to do as such and in addition it shows bowmans container and glomerulus cellar film. Moreover, PAS stain can undoubtedly picture the spread GBM thickening that is seen in numerous glomerulus diseases, for example, diabetic glomerulop athy, hypertension and layer glomerulonephritis. Besides, PAS stain emphatically for sclerosis, hyaline stores, proximal tubules and mesangial lattice. Hence it is essential to arrange PAS stain to effectively assess and exhibit the greater part of kidney design. Examination Diagnosis: Since the Z-N stain, gram stain and GMS are negative it very well may be reasoned that no microorganism disease present in the kidney. Therefore true to form, parasitic contamination, pyelonephritis and renal tuberculosis are wiped out from the illnesses list. Yet, then again fibrosis in the tissue is appeared by masson trichrome which exhibits the way that disease is available in the kidney. It ought to be noticed that if unreasonable collagen is available in the tissue, it proposes that the tissue is recouping from the interminable maladies. So plainly for this situation, the kidney is recovering after injury. Furthermore the diffuse thickening of the glomeruli slender divider was appeared by the PAS stain (12). Glomeruli indicated ordinary glomeruli, segmental scleroses are available however. Brought about by the block of blood stream there is nearness of tubules with thick excess storm cellar layer (rounded decay). Besides, a portion of the bowmens container and glomeruli are sup planted with a pink in shading, homogeneous and nebulous material called hyaline (hyalinosclerosis) that is come about because of blend of expanded collagen, plasma protein and mesangial network. Hence relying upon the clinical highlights and the given minutely finding the patient appears to have central segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). In grown-ups, central segmental glomerulosclerosis is one of the most potential reasons for essential glomerular ailments. It isn't really a particular malady and speaks to trademark pathologic example of glomerular injury. The expanded level of scarring of certain glomeruli (central) in kidney biopsy is an indication for (FSGS), likewise just a bit of glomeruli in associated with the scarring portion (2). Be that as it may, some typical glomeruli are likewise present which can be arranged to crumbling glomerulopathy like essential (idiopathic) and HIV disease like optional. In grown-up this condition is viewed as the dominating reason for idiopa thic neghrotic disorder and inside 10 to 20 years, 40% to 60% of patients move further to end stage renal infection (ESRD). Proposal: To affirm the early analysis further tests ought to be finished. So as to identify early indications of kidney harm, a pee microalbumin test ought to be done which will gauge the protein sum present in the body (3). Furthermore, so as to compute the expulsion of creatinine, which is the waste item from the kidney, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is suggested. The previously mentioned two tests are helpful in diagnosing the nearness of lubus nephritis and diabetic nephropathy. Besides, it is suggested that some other unique stains performed, for example, to show amyloidosis, Congo red to be performed. Ultimately, AE1/AE3 is a case of counter acting agent and it is imperative to perform immunohistochemistry to analyze renal cell carcinoma. End: To find the vast majority of the illnesses it is fundamental to perform minutely analysis. Nonetheless, quality in tissue preparing in required for right conclusion. Hence it is important to have quality control in histopathology area. As there are various Kidney illnesses, in this way there is a need of a few tests in renal biopsy and uncommon stains to get the right determination (4). Further, For this situation, various outcomes appeared by unique stains supported in wiping out a portion of the maladies and aided in giving the right determination. While unique stains for microorganism gave the negative outcome, masson trichrome and PAS gave positive outcome. In this way, it very well may be presumed that the patient experiences the glomerular ailment explicitly that of FSGS (central segmental glomerulosclerosis). At last, different infections like amyloidosis, diabetic nephropathy and renal cell carcinoma are suspected as well, yet so as to affirm them they should be tried further . References [Internet]. 2016 [cited 23 May 2016]. Ceaseless glomerulonephritis [Internet]. Pathologyatlas.ro. 2016 [cited 23 May 2016]. Ceaseless glomerulonephritis [Internet]. Pathologyatlas.ro. 2016 [cited 23 May 2016]. Clinical Decisions in Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation [In

Monday, July 27, 2020

More CPW Pix

More CPW Pix Ill start off by linking to some of your photos: Anthony et als photos Robs photos Ashs photos Erics photos CPW is a crazy time for us, as we finally get to put the face with the application. Sometimes, its just as we thought for example, Kiersten, whos as sweet as youd imagine and sometimes, that picture in your head is a bit off like Eric Schmiedl, whos insanely tall and imposing (but still super-awesome)! Its also a time to see some folks we havent seen in a while. It was nice to see folks I met last summer on campus (you know who you are), or last fall on the road (so do you). Even then, the image in your head changes over time like Jenna, who I somehow didnt recognize, or Katharine, who was even more energetic than I remembered. It was nice to actually hear Pias voice, to meet my first person from Wales (Dominique) and Mauritius (Geraldine), and of course to meet many of the parents, too (hi!). The Meet the Bloggers party was a lot of fun, not because anything specific happened, but rather because it felt nice and comfortable even people who had never met before were getting on like old friends. If you want the actual play-by-play of what went down, here goes: people started showing up (thanks!). We made root beer floats (yum). There was much chatting. The bloggers all said a few words at the podium. We sung happy birthday to Kelly. We took a group photo (see below). We chatted some more, and had some more root beer floats. But it was the warmth in the room that made it all memorable. Hopefully that warmth comes through in these photos Jenna, Elisabeth, and Nelson The crew of Katharine, LBizzle, Jackie, Clifton, An, Rebecca later, the crew play a nerdy/dirty/silly game =) I pose for a picture with Lupe (where was Victoria??) Mitra Adam say Bienvenue! to Arthurs parents Li, Geraldine, Debra, Francis, Balu, Saraya A good laugh is shared (maybe a New Jersey vs. Texas joke?) The party attendees listen to the bloggers address the crowd The great shot of the party attendees. Thats Glorias little brother (future Patriots running back) I snared in my grasp =)

Friday, May 22, 2020

Human Resource Management Importance of Eeoc Essay example

Importance of EEOC HRM210-1202A-04 April 23, 2012 Importance of EEOC The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is responsible for enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee because of the persons race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability or genetic information. Applying toward all types of work situations, including; hiring, firing, promotions, harassment, training, wages, and benefits. Organizations that employ at least 15 people are likely to be covered with the EEOC at which most are labor unions and employment agencies (U.S.EEOC, 2012). The system works by fairly and accurately investigating any allegations within a charge and make a†¦show more content†¦It is consider discriminatory to harass someone because of his or her age and is defined by a negative effect on employees and is not centered on a realistic reason other than their age. Disability is another way of discrimination is initiated when an employee or employer is less favorable to someone that has a handicap or is temporarily disabled. The employer must make sure the work environment is suitable for their disability and this also includes a person whom may be related to someone with a disability such as a child or a spouse. There are a lot of different subjects of this matter and all of which reflect on whether or not the company and/or employee is treating the one with a disability or related to one with a disability in a negative way and creates hardships for them (EEOC, 2012). Equal pay/compensation is based on whether or not a man and woman are paid the same or earn the same income for the type of work they are participating in, not the actual job title, but the work that is actually being done. Sex discrimination is when a man or a woman is less favored by the employer and cause a negative environment for the one being discriminated against or judged. Also, making sure that a policy and or practice always applies the same to everyone. This can advance into sexual harassment, involving uninvited sexual advances or remarks, requests for sexual favors, verbal or physicalShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Article Megyn Kelly Missed819 Words   |  4 PagesWomen†, articulates the importance of human resources management for employees and organizations. Phillips demonstrates various inequalities in the workplace today through the findings of unreported discriminatory practices against women starting with Kelly. Her interaction with Trump is a continual issue in the workforce today which goes unreported or suppressed because women are afraid to voice their concerns. Taken from Kelly’s book, Phillips assiduously advocates the importance of the Employment OpportunityRead MoreThe Role Of Human Resource Management Essay1631 Words   |  7 Pages Literature Review The role of human resource management is to assist managers in strategically managing people as business resources (Bianca, 2016). Implementing strategies that increase employee commitment to the organization begins with recruiting and matching employees with the right positions that fit their qualifications (Bianca, 2016). Hiring a strong workforce is a primary goal of human resource management. There are many challenges and guidelines put into place to ensure fair practicesRead MoreMgmt 410 Final Exam 100% Correct Answers1204 Words   |  5 PagesInformation Visit Our Website ( https://homeworklance.com/ ) Email us At: Support@homeworklance.com or lancehomework@gmail.com FINAL EXAM TOPICS/CONCEPTS WITH RELATED QUESTIONS (10) 1. Human Resource Management and Strategic Planning – Identify and describe the Functions for Human Resources Management Define the concept Strategy Planning within HRM? 1. Describe and give an example for the following functions: 1. Employment 2. Compensation †¢ Benefits 1. Employee Relations 2. Training/Development Read MoreEqual Wage Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pagesthat the business case, as well as the legislative case, has a significant role to play (Commission Policy Report). There are some factors which stop or slow equal pay for genders. These are behavioral factors, corporate culture and policies, human resource practices and social and environmental factors (Giapponi and McEvoy, 2006). Behavioral factors are related with lack of awareness of pay inequity. Women do not aware or do not mind wage inequity because of personal statement. According to TheRead MoreReport on Important of Ethical Decision Making for the Company1626 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant to guarantee success. Do the right thing and not expose the company into bad situations or possible lawsuits where the reputation and corporate image can be affected. Make a business with the only goal of bringing money and forgetting the importance of ethical principles has demonstrated that it only brings negative results. Why is important to have an ethical decision making in our company? Because like every other business , we are exposed to multiple situations in different levels of theRead MoreWal-Mart Legal Compliance and Job Analysis1569 Words   |  7 PagesLegal Compliance and Job Analysis BUS530- Human Resource Management [ July 17, 2011 ] The Title VII lawsuit by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was a justified result of sexual harassment and mismanagement by Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart could have taken several steps within Human Resource (HR) policy to help deal with this incident, prevent further incidents, and ensure the defendant was properly employed in a safe environment [ (EEOC v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 2003) ]. HostileRead MoreSex Discrimination Essay1438 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscrimination charge with the EEOC.  Ã‚  Explain the steps the EEOC will use to process the charge; include Nancy’s options during the process.  Ã‚  Determine the likelihood of success of Nancy’s discrimination claim from the EEOC data base (available through www.eeoc.gov). Describe the basic precautions you should take so you might prevail in her claim. In some instances, individuals feel that they were not hired due to race, gender, age, if she is over 40, disability or religion. (EEOC 2010) This may or mayRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1508 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Human resource management (HRM) is the managing of human skills and talents to make sure they are used effectively and in alignment with an organization’s goals† (Youssef, 2012). The primary role of human resource management is to plan, develop, and order policies and programmers designed to make prompt use of an organization’s human resources. It is that part of management which is concerned with the people at work and with their relationship within an organization. I currently work for a HumanRead MoreThe Diversity At The Workplace747 Words   |  3 Pagesancestry, ethnicity, age, gender, race, educational background, sexual orientation, marital status, religious belief, income, geographic location and work experience. The mobility in human resource trend is emerging within the competitive market that requires more strategic role on account of human resource management. Organizations may fall in dire consequences of outplaying by other competitors in strategic employment. Nowadays, workforce is no longer a set of employees (Narasimhan, 2004). It isRead MoreDiscrimination In The Workplace Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pagesdespite societal standards and government regulations. The importance of insuring that employees are protected against discrimination and have access to assistance when they feels they have been discriminated against lead to the of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in 1965. In the past 50 years, the EEOC’s services have continued to expand to include a wider group of those most prone to being victim’s of discrimination. They EEOC has also been forced to continually adapt to advances in technology

Saturday, May 9, 2020

Themes In Daedalus And Icarus - 1250 Words

The balance of human hubris is unstable and can come crumbling down at any second; On two ends of the spectrum we have pride and punishment. One giving man a ego and pushing him to his emotional high while the other forces him back into reality. In Daedalus and Icarus it illustrates this with Icarus plummeting back down to earth with a deathwish just after experiencing the literal high of his life. In other words American clergyman John C. Maxwell puts it â€Å"There are two kinds of pride, both good and bad. Good pride represents our dignity and self-respect. Bad pride is the deadly sin of superiority that reeks of conceit and arrogance†. The fine red line between good pride and bad was ridden by many in ancient greek myths only for most†¦show more content†¦Icarus’s pride stems from his fathers achievement and his ability to fly a godly power. He flies closer and closer to the sun with the euphoria of flight growing more every seconds but forgets his fathers warning about not flying to close to the sun. Godly power must be reserved for those who are able to hold the power, in Icarus’s time flight was considered a godly power. Having the ability to fly and doing it with such hubris as he â€Å"imagined himself as a god as well. The joy of flying bubbled up in him, and he banked and spiralled upwards in the heat haze. He came closer and closer to the Sun, and the heat softened and loosened the wax that held his wings together.† It was Icarus’s own hubris that lead to his downfall as he plummeted into the ocean touched by the sun itself and now paying the price with his punishment. Daedalus gave his son immense power and told him how to use it accordingly. They flew through the skies during their escape and at first Icarus keeps to himself listening to his father but eventually the flight took hold of him and he flew higher and higher until his wings melted. The control in the story was Daedalus the genius inventor that did not fly to close to the sun or the ocea n but remained in flight, even while his boy was struggling to his death. HeShow MoreRelatedThemes In Daedalus And Icarus734 Words   |  3 Pageswhere an individual learns, grows, and evolves. Each new experience can relate to an individual method to dealing with barriers presented growing up. In the Greek myth and legend, â€Å"Daedalus and Icarus†, I was able to associate parts of the stories with the phases that humans go through as we mature. The underlying themes that are presented in the legend include one’s relationship with parents, facing fears, and experiences with love. Nevertheless, one has different experiences when handling the eachRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Portrait Of The Artist 978 Words   |  4 PagesEcho wasted away, but how long that took is not important the theme is, the often lack of the restraints of time is what makes mythology so easy to relate for any era. James Joyce in his novel, Portrait of the Artist as A Young Man, ties his sto ry with the semblances of mythology from the story of Daedalus and Icarus, fusing the ideas that discovery, sacrifice and rebellion is a process needed to be an artist. Though Daedalus and Icarus are from a mythical time and Stephen is living in a specificRead MoreSpreading Your Wings Essay806 Words   |  4 Pages The mythological story of Icarus is â€Å"†¦interpreted variously as an allegory of pride, or of man’s quest for knowledge,† as The Bloomsbury Guide to Art stated in their article (â€Å"Icarus†). This idea of the quest of knowledge itself applies to the work of Russell Whiting, a sculptor whose work is featured in the River Gallery Sculpture Park of Chattanooga and who sculpted a statue of Icarus as well. In correlation with the interpretation of the story of Icarus being a man’s quest for knowledgeRead MoreA Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man1664 Words   |  7 Pagesfaces numerous struggles along his path and since the nove l ends with Stephen just deciding to take his action, it is unclear if he even ever escapes the religious influences. James Joyce uses strong comparisons and direct allusions to the myth Daedalus and Icarus to recount Stephen Dedalus’s experiences in his many complex life journeys towards what may have lead him to become the artist he dreamed to be. In Dublin in the early 1900s, religion was a large influence over all of the citizens. StephenRead MoreQuotation Analysis Of Gilgamesh1270 Words   |  6 PagesGilgamesh must accept that his partner, Enkidu, has passed; something he has a hard time facing. Gilgamesh’s act of covering Enkidu’s face as a groom does for his bride parallels the duo’s first encounter at the entry way of the marital chamber. The theme of Gilgamesh understanding his own mortality is understood through the process of losing Enkidu. C. Rama is giving an elaborate explanation to Sita on why he has come to her aid after killing Ravana. Rama’s tone of voice is very proud since he hasRead MoreAn Analysis Of Landscape With The Fall Of Icarus1688 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the natural order. Whereas, Pieter Bruegel’s converted art piece, ‘Landscape with the Fall of Icarus’ c. 1560, emphasises the sustenance of work. W.H. Auden’s poem, ‘Musà ©e des Beaux Arts’, 1938 has presented a paradigm to his era, demonstrating the ignorance one has for disasters that do not directly affect oneself. Additionally, there is William Carlos Williams’ ‘Landscape with the Fall of Icarus’, 1958, that presents the desire to be recognised. Roman Poet, Ovid had an unstable life. In hisRead MoreParallel Greek Myths Essay examples1896 Words   |  8 Pages This leads to similar myths among cultures. Similar situations and characters appear in several myths. An example of this is the Greek myths Io, Arachne, and Daedalus and Icarus. Although these stories are unrelated, they have similar aspects. They all use the transformations between people and animals and have a common theme of jealousy. A psychoanalysis of these myths shows deeper connections behind the stories. In Greek mythology Io was an Argive princess and the daughter of the riverRead MoreAnalysis Of The s Romeo And Juliet 2095 Words   |  9 Pages1313 April 20, 2015 Icarus Research Paper One of the biggest issues parents deal with every day is making sure their children obey their orders. Although it seems like a simple task to adults, many young teens take pride in disobedience as it allows them to feel independent. This goes back to the phenomenon of reverse psychology. This anomaly is revealed in numerous ancient tales such as the forbidden fruit, and even Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. Ovid’s myth Daedalus and Icarus is yet another exampleRead MoreGreek Mythology Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesWith her children being gods, Leto was able to work her way back onto Olympus (Devdutt). Daedalus was a famous sculptor and builder. He built a great palace called The Labyrinth for King Minos on the island of Crete. The structure consisted of endless rooms and corridors that seemed to go nowhere and no one could get out. The king placed the Minotaur monster in the maze, half man and half bull. Daedalus didn’t want to stay on Crete, but Minos had him trapped in the heart of the maze. The desperateRead MoreAn Explication of W.H. Auden quot;Musee Des Beaux Artsquot;665 Words   |  3 PagesPeter Brueghels painting The Fall of Icarus, the myth, and the humanity indifference toward ones suffering. Icarus, the subject of this poem, was a figure from Greek mythology. He was the son of Dedalus, who, in order to escape from prison in Crete, made two pairs of wings, one for him and one for his son, Icarus. As Icarus and Dedalus flied away, Icarus forgot his fathers warning and flied too close to the sun. The wax on his wings melted and Icarus felt into the sea and drowned. The references

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

You Never Know When Free Essays

â€Å"Come now,† her text read. That was all she needed to say. Within seconds, I was in my mom’s car. We will write a custom essay sample on You Never Know When or any similar topic only for you Order Now As I drove, I concentrated on keeping my eyes dry, trying not to think about what I was about to do. My muscles were tense, my teeth were clenched, and the closer I got to her house, the faster the blood pumped through my body. Confusion and terror took over my thoughts, making my attention to the road unreliable. I had never had to use so much willpower to focus on my driving. The world seemed to be standing still at this very moment. That feeling I have never felt before, of total sadness. I felt faint and dazed as if I were falling or dreaming. I expected this was going to happen, but I could never be prepared for it. I didn’t know what to say, I was totally speechless. I was burning up, I felt dizzy but not much tears were coming down my face. I had to hurry and get there. I wanted to escape or runaway anything to make this feeling fade. But I knew it was time once I got the text. I Just didn’t want to believe it was happening after everything. Part of me wanted to scream my heart out and the other part wanted to hit something with the anger that was raging inside of me. I was angry because I couldn’t help her even though I esperately wished I could. I felt defenseless because I knew there was nothing I could do. Once her house finally appeared, I ripped the keys from the ignition. As I ran to her front door, I wondered if I should be sprinting toward this daunting event, but my trembling hands were already turning the doorknob. â€Å"She’s dying,† she told me a couple of weeks before. I don’t remember hearing anything after that. Maybe it was because her sobs made her words inaudible, or maybe I had stopped listening, but either way, I had not believed her. Being best friends with a straightforward girl whose mother was battling sickle-cell gave me many speechless oments. This was one of them. I held the phone to my ear as I listened to her cry painfully. Finally, I managed to whisper, â€Å"No †¦ † I wanted to say, â€Å"That’s not true,† or â€Å"It’ll all get better soon,† but how did I know that? Each time I promised her that she would get better; my words were contradicted by her doctors. The hospital visits were ending with more depressing news, but I still had not believed her. I wasn’t willing to accept that things like this happened to people I knew. Now here I was, standing in her laundry room. She hugged me and whispered, â€Å"Be strong. † Then she pointed to her mother’s bedroom. Entering the room, my emotions escaped from me as if I had taken too big of a breath and let it loose. Insuppressible sobs shook my body as I reached for her hand. But this wasn’t the woman I knew – the lady who taught me how to speak a second language, the silly lady who sang along to â€Å"Keep It To Myself† while bringing us home from school which was three minutes away, or even the woman who became my second mother during a trip to New Orleans Just six months earlier. I was holding the hand of sickle-cell. Pimples peppered her darkened face, and her skin was loose from the weight she had lost. I couldn’t believe t had actually happened. The past few months had been like an incredible Journey and this was now the end. The end being she was no longer here, never to be seen again. How do you say good-bye to someone who knows she’s dying? I didn’t want my last moments with her to be heavy-hearted. Fighting my irregular breathing, I began to list all the nappy times we nad snared. I thanked ner tor the vacations I went on, and for the compassionate, strong, beautiful daughter she had raised. When I finished, I said, â€Å"l will miss you. I love you. † I was no longer shaking as I gave her hand a gentle squeeze. That day shaped the way I live. I realized that no one is invincible. It was a terrifying awakening, and initially I lived in a world of â€Å"what ifs† – making fear a routine feeling. In time, I came to a different conclusion: I need to appreciate life; I cannot allow myself to take it for granted, because I don’t know when my life and the lives around me will come to an end. My continued decision to be chemical-free comes from my realization that I am lucky to have a body that sustains me. I have learned to forgive easily. We’ve all heard the phrase, â€Å"Our time is precious; we shouldn’t waste it,† but it wasn’t until I held death’s hand that I learned to live that way. How to cite You Never Know When, Papers

You Never Know When Free Essays

â€Å"Come now,† her text read. That was all she needed to say. Within seconds, I was in my mom’s car. We will write a custom essay sample on You Never Know When or any similar topic only for you Order Now As I drove, I concentrated on keeping my eyes dry, trying not to think about what I was about to do. My muscles were tense, my teeth were clenched, and the closer I got to her house, the faster the blood pumped through my body. Confusion and terror took over my thoughts, making my attention to the road unreliable. I had never had to use so much willpower to focus on my driving. The world seemed to be standing still at this very moment. That feeling I have never felt before, of total sadness. I felt faint and dazed as if I were falling or dreaming. I expected this was going to happen, but I could never be prepared for it. I didn’t know what to say, I was totally speechless. I was burning up, I felt dizzy but not much tears were coming down my face. I had to hurry and get there. I wanted to escape or runaway anything to make this feeling fade. But I knew it was time once I got the text. I Just didn’t want to believe it was happening after everything. Part of me wanted to scream my heart out and the other part wanted to hit something with the anger that was raging inside of me. I was angry because I couldn’t help her even though I esperately wished I could. I felt defenseless because I knew there was nothing I could do. Once her house finally appeared, I ripped the keys from the ignition. As I ran to her front door, I wondered if I should be sprinting toward this daunting event, but my trembling hands were already turning the doorknob. â€Å"She’s dying,† she told me a couple of weeks before. I don’t remember hearing anything after that. Maybe it was because her sobs made her words inaudible, or maybe I had stopped listening, but either way, I had not believed her. Being best friends with a straightforward girl whose mother was battling sickle-cell gave me many speechless oments. This was one of them. I held the phone to my ear as I listened to her cry painfully. Finally, I managed to whisper, â€Å"No †¦ † I wanted to say, â€Å"That’s not true,† or â€Å"It’ll all get better soon,† but how did I know that? Each time I promised her that she would get better; my words were contradicted by her doctors. The hospital visits were ending with more depressing news, but I still had not believed her. I wasn’t willing to accept that things like this happened to people I knew. Now here I was, standing in her laundry room. She hugged me and whispered, â€Å"Be strong. † Then she pointed to her mother’s bedroom. Entering the room, my emotions escaped from me as if I had taken too big of a breath and let it loose. Insuppressible sobs shook my body as I reached for her hand. But this wasn’t the woman I knew – the lady who taught me how to speak a second language, the silly lady who sang along to â€Å"Keep It To Myself† while bringing us home from school which was three minutes away, or even the woman who became my second mother during a trip to New Orleans Just six months earlier. I was holding the hand of sickle-cell. Pimples peppered her darkened face, and her skin was loose from the weight she had lost. I couldn’t believe t had actually happened. The past few months had been like an incredible Journey and this was now the end. The end being she was no longer here, never to be seen again. How do you say good-bye to someone who knows she’s dying? I didn’t want my last moments with her to be heavy-hearted. Fighting my irregular breathing, I began to list all the nappy times we nad snared. I thanked ner tor the vacations I went on, and for the compassionate, strong, beautiful daughter she had raised. When I finished, I said, â€Å"l will miss you. I love you. † I was no longer shaking as I gave her hand a gentle squeeze. That day shaped the way I live. I realized that no one is invincible. It was a terrifying awakening, and initially I lived in a world of â€Å"what ifs† – making fear a routine feeling. In time, I came to a different conclusion: I need to appreciate life; I cannot allow myself to take it for granted, because I don’t know when my life and the lives around me will come to an end. My continued decision to be chemical-free comes from my realization that I am lucky to have a body that sustains me. I have learned to forgive easily. We’ve all heard the phrase, â€Å"Our time is precious; we shouldn’t waste it,† but it wasn’t until I held death’s hand that I learned to live that way. How to cite You Never Know When, Papers

Tuesday, April 28, 2020

School Counselor free essay sample

Counselors assist people with personal, family, educational, mental health, and career decisions and problems† (â€Å"Counselors† 1). â€Å"While helping students plan for college and careers is part of their job, a guidance counselor’s overall function is to talk to students, give advice, listen to problems, help students develop coping skills and learn to become good problem-solvers and decision-makers on their own† (â€Å"Guidance Counselors†). Specifically, school counselors play a major role in the social, emotional, and academic development of their students. This profession interests me for two reasons. First of all, I like to talk with people of all types. Second of all, I am always concerned with the feelings of others. The combination of these two qualities of mine is what makes becoming a guidance counselor my goal. Early in the 1920’s, some school systems in such major cities as Boston and New York offered their students vocational guidance. These programs ended during the Depression when money was scarce. We will write a custom essay sample on School Counselor or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It was not until after World War II that guidance departments were formed in schools. This was a result of many reasons. Students lost their individual identity in the crowds of fellow students† (â€Å"Guidance Counselors†) in big city schools. New jobs were created with advances in technology. More students planned to attend college. Parents were unable to help their children in these areas. These and other services had to be provided by trained individuals, the guidance counselors. Education and Other Requirements To be a counselor in a school in the state of Pennsylvania, an individual needs to have a Masters Degree and a state certification in their particular level of counseling. For example, one possibility is to have a Masters of Science Degree in Counseling and Human Relations with a certification in School Counseling. The certification may be dual, meaning one certificate for two areas of school counseling–Elementary School and Secondary School. This covers kindergarten through twelfth grade. A person may be able to get a Masters Degree in Counseling without a related undergraduate (Bachelors) degree. However, extra courses may need to be taken. It is most beneficial if a school counselor has teaching experience which means the Bachelors degree would be in some kind of education. Following is a list of courses, which may be required for a future school counselor: ? Guidance Services ? Group Dynamics ? Theories of Counseling ? Methods of Research ? Counseling for Human Differences ? Assessment Methods in Guidance ? Counseling and Consultative Techniques in the School ? Group Procedures in the School ? Practicum in Elementary or Secondary Guidance ? Advanced Practicum (Practicum is when the counselor in training goes into a school and practices what was learned at college, and learns from the employed counselor. ) (Handbook 13-16). The future outlook for employment of school counselors is good. The field is expected to grow because of increasing enrollments, mostly in secondary and post-secondary schools. Counselors are becoming more involved in crises and helping students deal with issues ranging from drug and alcohol abuse to death and suicide. The job growth among counselors may depend on budgetary constraints. If funding is tight, schools prefer to hire new teachers before new counselors because they want to keep the classroom size at an acceptable level. Salary and Benefits A counselor is paid according to the teachers’ professional contract. This is negotiated every two to five years. A typical public school counselor will earn from $25,000 to $80,000 per year. The salary schedule reflects a person’s experience and the level of education attained. The steps are unique to the particular district. Education levels may include a Bachelors Degree, a Bachelors Degree plus fifteen credits, a Masters Degree or a Masters Equivalency, a Masters Degree plus fifteen credits, a Masters Degree plus thirty credits, a Masters Degree plus forty-five credits, a Masters Degree plus sixty credits, or a Doctorate. The earnings are printed out on a chart and increase for each year of experience in the district. This may be from a first year teacher to a maximum amount after sixteen years. Again, the number of years to get to the maximum level is different from district to district. There is a salary schedule figured for each year of the contract. A negotiated cost of living increase is the basic difference from year to year. Typically, an average of three personal days and ten sick days are given to the employee each year. There is often a monthly fee for health and dental benefits. Workman’s compensation may be offered as a choice. A counselor will get a paycheck every two weeks. Most school districts offer an option to get the annual salary divided over either ten months (22 checks) or twelve months (26 checks). Besides the usual deductions, money is taken out for the state retirement fund. The amount of money received during retirement has just increased. Job Description and Duties Counseling in schools includes a wide variety of activities and services. The following list will describe the services of a school-counseling program. Individual Counseling- School counselors provide individual sessions for students to help with educational and personal concerns. ? Group Counseling- Students help each other by working in small groups with leadership from the counselor. Students share ideas about issues such as problem solving, educational planning, and peer relationships. ? Group Guidance- Counselors meet with groups to help students learn information about themselves. Groups can be small or large and are instructional. The topics might focus on self-concept, study skills, friendship, or good citizenship. Student Appraisal- Counselors help students, parents, and teachers by collecting information about student abilities, behaviors, and achievement so decisions can be made about educational placement and instructions. ? Referral- Counselors are referral agents who help students and their families receive assistance from other programs and services in the school system and from agencies outside the school. ? Consultation- Counselors consult with teachers and parents to plan appropriate services for every child. Consultations focus on the individual needs of the child. Coordination- Counselors coordinate services and activities for smooth administration. An example would be the coordination of school standardized testing schedules (Schmidt 26-27). In order to fully understand these services it is necessary to understand what counseling is about. Counseling is a process involving a relationship between two people who are meeting so that one person can help the other to resolve a problem. In group counseling the roles of helpers can be shared and interchanged among the group members. The group counselor would then be called a facilitator (Thompson 13). It is necessary to listen for three pieces of information children bring to counseling sessions: 1) their problem or concern, 2) their feelings about the problem, and 3) their expectations for what they want the counselor to do. Most problems may be classified in one or more of five categories: 1) conflict with others, 2) conflict with self, 3) lack of information about self, 4) lack of information about the environment, and 5) lack of skill. An important part of the counseling process for children involves training in communication, assertion, and effective study habits (Thompson 14). The counselor’s attitudes and skills are very important to the quality of the counseling relationship. The qualities and behaviors present in very effective counselors are as follows: ? Intellectual Competence- counseling requires a person to have adequate knowledge of many different areas. This involves searching for data to make informed decisions about choice of plan and progress of student. ? Energy- Counseling is emotionally demanding. When dealing with problems counselors are likely to feel emotionally drained and physically fatigued. Being dynamic produces student confidence and a willingness to work. ? Flexibility- Effective counselors are not tied to a single method of work. The question they ask is â€Å"Which technique will work best for this particular student? † ? Support- The student experiences the fact that here is someone who respects him as he is. ? Good Will- The counselor’s motives and intentions are positive and constructive rather than negative and destructive. ? Self-awareness- All our feelings and thoughts influence the way we handle certain things in the counseling relationship (Cormier 12-13). In school counseling there are both advantages and disadvantages of the job. The main advantage is that you get to touch the life of a child. You are able to reach out and help someone solve a problem or feel good about him or herself. This is very important because it helps the student grow emotionally and be ready for more challenging life events. Another advantage would be that you have the opportunity to work with a variety of professionals who all are concerned about the welfare of the child. Psychologists, social workers and various therapists would be examples. An unusual advantage is that you get most of the summer as well as holiday weeks off. The pay and benefits are also thought to be excellent. The main disadvantage of school counseling is that it is both emotionally and physically draining. Counseling itself can become very difficult because you are listening to the problems of others everyday and many times there can be no solution. â€Å"Dealing daily with these problems can cause stress† (â€Å"Counselors† 1). Another disadvantage is that you work for many people. The principal, vice principals, teachers, parents, and students all demand time and attention from you. Conclusion Secondary school counseling is an occupation with many responsibilities. He or she must respond to the most mundane problems of a child to crisis situations. A solid college and graduate school education, along with training and experience, are the requirements. Then, counselors can help students to understand and learn to deal with the intellectual, emotional, social, and physical changes that occur in the student’s transition from childhood to adolescence, and finally to a young adult. Personally, I feel that I would be an excellent guidance counselor. Firstly, I am a good listener, which is a necessary quality. Secondly, I empathize with the problems of others, and genuinely care about their feelings. Very often, students need to understand why things happen the way that they do. I would explain clearly based on their backgrounds and experiences. Finally, the field of education has been part of my entire life. Both of my parents are teachers, and conversations often reflect situations that occur in their schools. I have always been interested and involved in these family discussions.

Friday, March 20, 2020

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon According to legend, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, considered one  of the  seven Ancient Wonders of the  World,  were built in the 6th century BCE by King Nebuchadnezzar II for his homesick wife, Amytis. As a Persian princess, Amytis missed the wooded mountains of her youth and thus Nebuchadnezzar built her an oasis in the desert, a building covered with exotic trees and plants,  tiered so  that it  resembled a mountain. The only problem is that archaeologists are not sure that the Hanging Gardens ever really existed. Nebuchadnezzar II and Babylon The city of Babylon was founded around 2300 BCE, or even earlier,  near the  Euphrates River just south of the modern city of Baghdad in  Iraq. Since it was located in the desert, it was built almost entirely out of mud-dried bricks. Since bricks are so easily broken, the city was destroyed a number of times in its history. In the 7th century BCE, Babylonians revolted against their Assyrian ruler. In an attempt to make an example of them, Assyrian King Sennacherib  razed the city of Babylon, completely destroying it.  Eight years later, King Sennacherib was assassinated by his three sons. Interestingly,  one of these sons ordered the reconstruction of Babylon. It wasnt long before Babylon was  once again flourishing and known as a center of learning and culture. It was Nebuchadnezzars father, King Nabopolassar, that liberated Babylon from Assyrian rule. When Nebuchadnezzar II became king in 605 BCE, he was handed a healthy realm, but he wanted more. Nebuchadnezzar  wanted to expand his kingdom in order to make it one of the most powerful city-states of the time. He fought  the Egyptians and the Assyrians and won. He also made  an alliance with the king of Media by marrying his daughter. With these conquests came the spoils of war to which Nebuchadnezzar, during the course of  his 43-year reign,  used to enhance the city of Babylon. He built an enormous ziggurat, the temple of Marduk (Marduk was Babylons patron god). He also built a massive wall around the city, said to be 80 feet thick, wide enough for four-horse chariots to race on. These walls were so large and grand, especially the Ishtar Gate,  that they too were considered one of the Seven Ancient Wonders of the World until they were bumped off the list by the Lighthouse in Alexandria. Despite these other awesome creations, it was the Hanging Gardens that captured  peoples imagination and remained one of the Wonders of the Ancient World. What Did the Hanging Gardens of Babylon Look Like? It may seem surprising how little we know about the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. First, we dont know exactly where it was located. It is said to have been placed close to the Euphrates River for access to water and yet no archeological evidence has been found to prove its exact location. It  remains the only Ancient Wonder whose location has not yet  been found. According to legend, King Nebuchadnezzar II built the Hanging Gardens for his wife Amytis, who missed the cool temperatures, mountainous terrain,  and  beautiful scenery of her homeland in Persia. In comparison, her hot, flat, and dusty new home of Babylon must have seemed completely drab. It is believed that the Hanging Gardens was a tall building, built upon stone (extremely rare for the area), that in some way resembled a mountain, perhaps by having multiple terraces. Located on top of and overhanging the walls (hence the term hanging gardens) were numerous and varied plants and trees. Keeping these exotic plants alive in a desert took a massive amount of water. Thus,  it is said, some sort of engine pumped water up through the building from either a well located below or directly from the river. Amytis could then walk through the rooms of the building, being cooled by the shade as well as the water-tinged air. Didthe Hanging Gardens Ever Really Exist? There is still much debate about the existence of the Hanging Gardens. The Hanging Gardens seem magical in a way, too amazing to have been real. Yet, so many of the other seemingly-unreal structures of Babylon  have been found by archaeologists and proven  to  have really existed. Yet the Hanging Gardens remains aloof. Some archaeologists believe that remains of the ancient structure have been found in the ruins of Babylon. The problem is that these remains are not near the Euphrates River as some descriptions have specified. Also, there is no mention of the Hanging Gardens in any contemporary Babylonian writings. This leads some to believe that the Hanging Gardens were a myth, described only by Greek writers after the fall of Babylon. A new theory, proposed by Dr. Stephanie Dalley of Oxford University, states that there was a mistake made in the past and that the Hanging Gardens were not located in Babylon; instead, they were located in the northern Assyrian city of Ninevah and were built by King Sennacherib. The confusion could have been caused because Ninevah was, at one time,  known as New Babylon. Unfortunately, the ancient ruins of Ninevah are located in a contested and thus dangerous part of Iraq and thus, at least for now, excavations are impossible to conduct. Perhaps one day, we will know the truth about the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.

Tuesday, March 3, 2020

Healthy Foods Versus Unhealthy Foods Lesson Plan

Healthy Foods Versus Unhealthy Foods Lesson Plan An important component in staying healthy is knowing which foods are goods for you and which ones are not. Students will enjoy learning about this because its one thing that they know a little bit about. Here is a healthy versus unhealthy food  lesson plan for students in grades K-3. Use this in conjunction with your thematic unit on nutrition. Healthy vs. Unhealthy Foods Lesson Plan Help students to understand foods role in their bodies by completing the following steps. Invite students to share the types of foods they eat on a daily basis.Discuss why they need to eat and what food does for our bodies.Compare our bodies to machines and how in order to work we need the fuel of food.Ask students what would happen to them if they did not eat. Talk about how they would feel cranky, tired, would have no energy to play, etc. Healthy Eating Tips The following healthy eating tips are provided to help you lead this lesson on nutrition. Snack on fruits, vegetables, unbuttered popcorn, and rice cakes.Drink plenty of water.Eat vegetables with lunch and dinner.Limit the amount of fatty, salty foods like potato chips and french fries.Drink low-fat milk, and eat low-fat yogurt and cheese.Enjoy garden salads often.Encourage your family and friends to eat healthy with you. Activity For this activity, students will determine what foods are healthy or unhealthy. Materials YarnTrash bag Direct Instruction Follow these steps to complete the nutrition lesson plan. Healthy foods are full of nutrients that our bodies need. Challenge students to come up with a list of healthy foods and snacks and write this list on the front board under the title Healthy Foods. If students name a food that is not considered healthy such as french fries, list that food item under the list Unhealthy Foods.Next, ask students to list foods that they consider unhealthy. Foods that are processed such as bologna and pizza should be listed in this category.A good way to visually show students healthy vs unhealthy is to hold up a ball of yarn and tell students that the yarn represents nutrients that are in the healthy foods that they eat. Then hold up a bag of trash and tell students that the trash represents the sugar, fat, and additives that are in the unhealthy foods that they eat. Talk about how unhealthy foods do very little for their health and how healthy foods help fuel their body.Once your list is complete, discuss why they foods listed are considered healthy or unhealthy. Students may say the healthy foods provide our bodies with fuel and vitamins that give our bodies energy. The unhealthy foods may make us sick, tired, or cranky. Extension Activity To check for understanding, ask students if anyone has ever been to a junkyard. If someone has asked them what kinds of things they saw there. Show the other students pictures of a junkyard and talk about how the items in the junkyard are things people cant use anymore. Compare the junkyard to junk food. Talk about how the unhealthy foods that they eat are full of ingredients that our bodies cant use. Junk food is full of fat and sugar that make us overweight and sometimes sick. Remind students to eat healthily and limit or avoid junk food. Closure To make sure students really grasp the difference between healthy and unhealthy foods, challenge students to draw and label five healthy and five unhealthy foods.

Sunday, February 16, 2020

Inclusion in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Inclusion in Education - Essay Example This was replaced by a revised version which was issued in 2001, coming into effect in January 2002 (DFES 2001). The nature of provision for special educational needs has changed drastically over the last few years following the Warnock Report and the 1981 Education Act, with an increased awareness of educational needs and a consonant focus on improving the quality of provision for much larger numbers of children (Griffiths, 1998, 95 in Quicke, 2007, 2-15). This implies improvement of education of all and specially of those with special needs that would impart knowledge and power to all (QCA/DfEE, 2001). Department of Health has recently published a White Paper for people with learning disabilities in 2001 (Department of Health, 2001, 1-10). The United Kingdom has separate educational systems for England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland. As far as education is concerned, the countries are split up into so-called local education authorities that carry a large part of the responsibility for organising education at local level. Historically, for a long time, England and Wales had separate systems for regular and special education. Since the Warnock Report in 1978, it has been assumed in the UK that about 20 per cent of school-aged children will have special educational needs requiring additional help at some point in their school careers. Furthermore, approximately 2 per cent of children will have severe physical, sensory, intellectual or emotional difficulties, some of which will remain with them throughout their lives. Historically this 2 per cent of children have been exclud ed from mainstream schools, receiving their education in special schools instead. In recent years, a growing sense of injustice regarding the idea of segregated special schooling for these pupils has led to calls for more inclusive educational opportunities as a matter of human right and equal opportunity (Amatea, 1988, 174-183). By the Education Acts 1981 and 1993, which latter consolidated into the Education Act 1996, the policy of parental choice in the field of special educational needs has in most respects been merely built on key recommendations in the Warnock Report in 1978, namely that the education system should pay heed to parental knowledge about their child's needs and respect parental wishes regarding the child's education (Farrell, 2001, 3-9). Warnock's other recommendation was to integrate the education, meaning pupils with special educational needs should, as far as possible, be educated alongside other children in mainstream schools (Lewis, 2004, 3-9). In relation to this, this process must acknowledge the diversity of needs of all students creating opportunity to support learning of all students inclusive of those who have impairments or needs for special educations. While the White Paper was explicitly a response of the authorities from the concerns to promote better life chances for people with special needs for education, it identifies the many barriers that such children and their families face in fully participating in their communities. This paper promotes the benefits to be obtained by these children through educational opportunities, good health, and social care while living with their families. It was evident later that constructive and sustainable relationships between pupils with speci

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Busniess form application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Busniess form application - Essay Example law of contract and company law and business closure among others. Kuwait in these respects ranks fairly well with its neighbors Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Qatar among others where it is ranked 61 (The World Bank 2010). Having given this background if offered a chance to address the leader of my country, I would ask him what the government is doing to enhance the ease of doing business in the country and more so in the area of investment both by local as well as foreign investors. The basic reason of asking this question is that the world is becoming more and more of a global business community. For countries which wish to be best positioned to doing business and increasing investment activity, creating a favorable environment of doing business is a necessity rather than a choice. Kuwait although well ranked as compared to its Arab world neighbors it has a long way to go as countries like Singapore are way ahead of it and yet it is one of the top 10 richest countries in the world considering the GDP statistics (The World Bank 2010). I may wish to know what the government is doing in respect to the various reference points mentioned above that are used to come up with the global rank on the ease of doing business. The first issue lies with the number of procedures that one undertakes as an investor to start a business venture. In total the procedures are 13 which is relatively a long process than on average takes a month and 5 days (The World Bank 2010). This aspect makes investors chose to invest elsewhere so as to save on time and expenses associated with the long wait. My suggestion on this is to consolidate these procedures and their documentation as well as doing away with others all together. The other area is that of delays in construction permits which in overall takes over 100 days while registrations of actual properties takes 55 days at minimum. Taxation is

Saturday, January 25, 2020

Fall Dance Concert Review Art Essay

Fall Dance Concert Review Art Essay The performance that was observed was not lively as evidenced by the various features. The performance did not make most of the people in the audience to scream. Even the crowd was not cheerful as the performance went on and it showed that the crowd was not moved by the performance. However the dancers looked organized from the way they were entering the stage. I expected a more lively performance that could ignite the audience from the beginning to the end. Push /pull This piece had both men and women with different costumes that also differentiated them. The dance had a total of five dancers and they were dancing to some sort of soul music beats. The music lacked vocals. The stage was brightly lit such that the movement of each dancer could be noticed easily. The color of the costumes could easily be differentiated. The dancers had good costumes with the men having blue trousers and black tops. This made a common costume for the two gentlemen. The ladies costumes were not similar as in the case of the men. They wore shorts of different colors one with white and the other two with black .The ladies top costumes were sleeveless and off different colors for instance yellow light blue and violet. The theme that ran throughout the dance was acrobatic in outlook or some dance competition. From the type of song that was chosen to the costumes and the movements, the dancers express some sort of acrobatic presentation that can entertain the audience. This is a typical dance for music and drama festival events where the dancers are competing against other participants. This has been articulated by the nature of their costumes and the coordinated moves that were being made by the male and female dancers. Such a dance can be compared to the TV show dances that bring out talents in dancing. Movement such as the downward spin has become very common amongst the young dancers. The costume is also typical of the mode of dressing that has characterized TV competition dances. The movements of the dances were unique and uniformed. Both the men and women were making similar movements with their bodies. The up movements with legs apart was very common followed by the downward spins that were well executed by both men and women dancers. From my evaluation, the dance was well executed and the dancers had mastered their movements. They were all going with the same rhythm during the dance. The costumes of the ladies however could have been matched in a better way. As evidenced in the dance, their movements are an illustration of common choreographic movements that have become common in competitions today. Incline The dance had a total of ten dancers who participated in pairs of two. The stage was not lit well and it was difficult to see the faces of the dancers but their movements could be seen. The costumes of the dance were characterized with official wear consisting of shirts and long trousers for the male dancers. The color was dominated by black and white. There was no uniform color in the costumes of the dancers. This was of a formal dance with invited guest. There were different shades of color both in the male and female costume. The lady dancers were dressed in red and white dresses with a wide conical base. The dancers were responding to the classical music that was being enjoyed by most of them. The dance was rather slow and smooth with the male dances holding the female dancers and turning them round. The theme that dominates the entire dance is that of partying or some sort of celebration. This has been depicted by the nature of their costumes. The dancers seemed to be in a party ing mood. For instance this is typical of marriage celebration dances with partners holding each other and turning around to the slow and smooth music from the background. The movements that were being made by the dancers were not coordinated as in the case of competition dancers. Particularly, the male dancers seemed to be relaxed and did not make much movement without the lady dancers. At some instances the male dancer was observed holding the female ones suspended in the air. This is a very common style of dancing for party dances and has featured in the dance. Such a style has been observed quite often in the TV and in movies. Mostly in the soap operas, the dancing style is common during party and celebration scenes. In my evaluation I can point out that the dance was well executed. The movements of the dancers seemed to be right although the male dancers were almost appearing stationary. Most of the movements are done by the lady dancers. The costume was ok considering that the dance might not be for competition but rather for religious or other celebration. Even though the dancers were not consistently in the rhythm of the classical music, they have depicted good movements such as the rotations that make the dance livelier. The dance was simple and can even be perfumed by the older people. However what can be looked into in the costumes in the color choice that seemed not to be reflecting consistency especially with one dancer in red and others in white and black costumes. Overall I did not enjoy the dance to the fullest, though it was a bit entertaining with some of the unique movements depicted. The music played was not my favorite hence it determined my attitude towards the dance. This is definitely not what I expected in the concert because I did not witness the dancers swing to my favorite tunes. To make it worse, in the first dance, there were just beats only and no vocals. The concert is a reflection of what has been covered in the lectures specifically on the part of costumes, music and the theme. From the lectures it has been possible to make an interpretation about the themes that are portrayed by the two dances in the concert.

Friday, January 17, 2020

Intolerance from The Crucible Essay

Ayn Rand once said â€Å"A single lie destroys a whole reputation of integrity. It means that a lie sadly has enough power to cause corruption in a society. It also suggests that a lie perhaps be strong enough to destroy even a high ranking person from a society. If you tolerate lies dominating people around you, you’ll eventually be a victim of them. Two literature works that explain this quote are Author Miller’s play, The Crucible, which takes place in a Puritan town named Salem in the state of Massachusetts during the year of 1692. The Crucible shows how intolerance corrupts the town. And Maurice Ogden’s Poem, â€Å"The Hangman,† which takes place in an unnamed town. â€Å"The Hangman† shows how the ignorance of the townsfolk gives a pathway to the Hangman which enabled to execute every single one of the townsfolk on his gallows-tree. Meanwhile intolerance also takes place in â€Å"The Hangman† which makes the Hangman has no mercy for people who questioning him. Both literatures works The Crucible and â€Å"The Hangman† have Intolerance as one of the main themes in common. Intolerance takes place in â€Å"The Hangman†. The Hangman gives the townsfolk a severe test, which is the hang trial and see how the townsfolk will address it. The Hangman nervously arrives in the reader’s unnamed town, and built his frame. The town folks are wondering who the criminal is and what the crimes are. On the very first day he hanged a man who came from another land. The townsfolk who gathered in the courthouse square, leaves without saying anything because they don’t care for the foreigner. The townsfolk believed that the frame would be gone by the next day, but it didn’t because they neglected the first hanging. Now the Hangman doesn’t even bother to do so, because the townsfolk showed him they don’t really care. For the reason of that, the townsfolk become such easy targets for the hangman, because of his intolerant attitude. And we wondered, whenever we had the time, Who the criminal, what the crime That the Hangman judged with the yellow twist of knotted hemp in his busy fist. And he stepped down, and laid his hand on a man who came from another land. And we breathed again, for another’s grief At the Hangman’s hand was our relief Maurice Ogden Later on The Hangman executed an infidel Jew, then a dark skin one, both lived in the town. The Hangman’s intolerant personality combined with the townsfolk ignorance lead the hangman to executing the townsfolk in a large amount, which happens clearly because of ignorance. Those who wander why were hanged. This causes the town’s residents to become fearful. Then more and more were hanging. Finally even the speaker of the poem was hanged because of his ignorant personality. This means anyone who neglect either a party or someone dominate them will eventually suffer of it. The presence of intolerance in â€Å"The Hangman† is something that the town’s resident should be motivated to take away from the Hangman, unfortunately they was unable to do that cause of their fears and the Hangman’s intolerant test. â€Å"Dead!† I answered, and amiably â€Å"Murdered,† the Hangman corrected me. â€Å"First the alien then the Jew. I did no more than you let me do.† Beneath the beam that blocked the sky none before stood so alone as I. The Hangman then strapped me†¦with no voice there to cry â€Å"Stay!† for me in the empty square. Maurice Ogden Intolerance takes place in The Crucible It all began with a Negro slave named Tituba, combined with a group of daft girls goes dancing in the forest. In a Puritan town, anything that’s look unfamiliar to the Bible consider as something against it. While dancing in the forest, the girls ironically caught, by the town’s minister, Reverend Parris. On the following morning both Parris’s and the Putnam’s daughter were unable to wake up. The Villagers gathers at the minister’s house and quickly witchcraft rumor invade the town. Abigail what was a part of the girls dancing and who is Parris’s niece, warns the others girls to not to admit what they were doing in the forest. She even menace them she could kill them if they do so. Parris is paranoid; he believes that his congregation should not lift a finger without his permission when church is in motion. He thinks of nothing to do but to put his slave under pressure, because he think that Totuba might do witchcraft on his daughter, Tituba says to Parris â€Å"My Betty be hearty soon.† (Miller 8) This quotation shows that Intolerance has taken place in The Crucible Because Parris is don’t want his daughter to die, questioning and punishing Tituba is a good way to be aware of what actually happened in the forest. Another way in which intolerance has taken place in The Crucible is when Tituba fearfully accuses several town folks of reading the devil book. Abigail joins her revealing that she has seen many women with the devil. Betty and the other girls joining them as well, and they start pointing their finger on people. Abigail says â€Å"I want to open myself. I want the light of God, I want the sweet love of Jesus! I kiss his hand. I saw Good with the Devil! I saw Goody Osborn with the devil! I saw Bishop with the Devil.† (Miller 48) This quotation tells that she is showing the villagers that she want to be a better Puritan, she want to show the authorities that she is not a witch indeed she is. All of her accusers were hanged by the end of the story, Except Sarah Good who confessed right away. The fact that they hanged the accusers shows zero tolerance for witchcraft, they hanged the accusers because a puritan society does not tolerate witchcraft and that morality is obviously tradi tional. Another way in which intolerance has taking place in The Crucible is when Abigail who had an affair with John Proctor profits the witch trial occasion to accuse John’s wife of witchcraft so she could win it all. When Elizabeth name had been called in court john reveal that He had an affair with Abigail to test John’s claim judge Danforth approached Elizabeth and ask her if Proctor had been unfaithful to her, she lies to Proctor’s honor and judge Danforth denounces Proctor as a liar. Abigail herself forced Proctor’s servant to accuse him of being a witch, and she who is already afraid of her does so. Proctor says to Mary Warren â€Å"Do that which is good and, no harm shall come to thee.†(Miller 95) This quotation shows how Proctor is praying his servant to tell the truth; although she has great conscious she doesn’t do so because she is afraid that Abigail can attack her in her sleep. Proctor is rages not only against the court but also her, and now proctor is arrested. This suggest intolerance because, if intolerance wasn’t present they would have listen to Proctor’s argument too which have great integrity in the town, but because of intolerance they’ll hang him as any other accusers if he do not confess of witchcraft. In brief, both the poem, and the play speaks of intolerance, although â€Å"The Hangman† is mostly based on ignorance. It’s clearly has shown by the beginning of the poem that the townsfolk shows that they would not tolerate the Hangman to kill anybody in the town, but furthermore they ignore the Hangman, which they shouldn’t do because the greatest ignorance is to reject something you don’t know. They play, The Crucible shows that Salem won’t corrupt if there was tolerance, unfortunately it does, and later on the Judges discovered that they weren’t doing the correct thing but it was way too late due to the number on people died.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is an anxiety...

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is an anxiety disorder that affects the behavior of many people. ADHD symptoms such as impulsiveness and inattentiveness may begin in childhood and continue into adulthood. Almost 60% of children who are diagnosed with ADHD remain with this symptom through adulthood. Interpreted into simpler terms, about eight million adults in the U.S. have this life-affecting indication throughout their lives (http://www.webmd.com/add-adhd/guide/adhd-adults). In order for someone to be considered ADHD, abnormal behaviors including lack of focus must last for at least six months in two environments or more. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is not just another condition that can be looked down upon, but†¦show more content†¦By year eight socioeconomic status and family structure were the only predictive variables for ADHD treatment. A separate study highlighted the influence that nonclinical factors such as family size may have in mediating th e use of pharmacologic therapies for children with ADHD. The most common stimulant medications are methylphenidate (Ritalin), dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), and mixed amphetamine salts (Adderall). Atomoxetine (Strattera), guanfacine (Intuniv) and clonidine (Kapvay) are non-stimulant drugs approved for the treatment of ADHD. Other medications which may be prescribed off-label include certain antidepressants such as tricyclic antidepressants (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). ADHD is best managed not just through medications but also with social interactions. ADHD is a symptom that can affect every one of all ages and genders, even people without this disorder. Although it may affect the person with ADHD much more severely than others, the people around him or her can be negatively affected as well. People with ADHD may be hated and ignored because of their disorder. In our world today, if one has a certain disorder, they will most likely be rejected from the rest of the crow d. This can lead to further troubles such as depression. ADHD is something that can annoy people in the surrounding environment. The negative correlations and effects ADHD brings along affects many people in multiple ways. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)Show MoreRelatedAdhd And Comprehension Strategies For Students With Adhd5462 Words   |  22 Pages ADHD and Comprehension JVT2 Task 2 Jennifer Blake July 19, 2015 A Written Project Presented to the Faculty of the Teachers College of Western Governors University â€Æ' Abstract There is a need to provide effective comprehension support for students labeled with ADHD. ADHD students struggle with comprehension and there is limited research on comprehension strategies for these student. 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Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Essential Skills Of An Opera Singer - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 18 Words: 5418 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? In this dissertation emphasis will be placed on the marriage of three concepts namely: good voice (singing technique), musicality and acting for opera (building the character) in the training of a successful opera singer hereafter referred to as the singer-actor. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the essential skills that needed to be acquired by the modern opera singer. The rationale therefore, is to provide guidelines for the minimum requirements for the training of the opera singer as singer-actor. Taking into consideration the demands on opera singers when taking part in an opera, the study was guided by the following question: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Essential Skills Of An Opera Singer" essay for you Create order How does the knowledge of good voice (a sound singing technique), musicality and building a character role benefit the opera singerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance? Evolving from the main research question, the following sub questions were formulated: What is a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“good voiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? within classical voice training methods? How can musicality contribute to an opera singerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance? What are the demands to build a character role? General and specific aims: The general aim of this study was to determine how the knowledge of a good voice, musicality and building a character role, benefit the opera singerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance. Specific aims: The specific aims of this study are: to define a good voice To define musicality to determine how building a character role contribute to an opera singerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance. Due to the limited nature of this study, only a literature study will be done. As an extension of this study, the researcher would follow an interpretivist paradigm with a qualitative approach which strives to comprehend the important skills an opera singer should have according to contemporary South African opera singers and their view of the importance of acting ability for successful opera. The study will be conceptualised in terms of and based on the following frameworks: The voice Musicality Acting ability Relationship between music and text For opera to retain its artistic relevance to, and impact on, the fabric of arts and culture, it can be argued that there are three fundamental elements to the performance of opera which need to be addressed, and which require academic input (herformulering), discipline regarding musicality as well as focussed tuition and practise (sweeping statement. Wie se so?). In a world of ever-increasing media coverage of artistic and musical artists and events, together with an ever-increasing sophistication of a wider audience, it is becoming increasingly challenging for the artist, and in particular, the opera singer, to be successful in his career. Key to this challenge is that the opera singer is left with no choice other than to develop skills beyond the purely technical expertise. It is imperative that, in order to be extraordinary and thereby successful, the opera singer has to master three co-functioning disciplines, namely the good voice, musicianship and acting ability (sit bronne in). Singers tend to take acting classes separate from their vocal training in order to improve their acting skills. However, they mostly discover that taking classes in spoken drama and dialogue helps up to a certain point, but when going back to singing opera, the acting strategies learnt in the drama class do not always migrate to the performance of the aria (cf. Bean: 2007:167). This lack of transition is a result of the unique relationship between the music and the stage character in opera, which is not taken into account in the training of purely spoken (non-musical) drama. Thus, the one aspect that separates the acting of a spoken drama from that of opera is the music that is performed by instruments and the human voice. (Bron) (Prof. Jak: kommentaar is dat dit self evident is, of vroeÃÆ' «r genoem moet word). The argument specific to this dissertation is that the preparation and development of the opera singer (or singer-actor) has to facilitate three equally important, inter-linked and overlapping platforms of the Good Voice (singing technique), the discipline of musicianship and The Ability to Act (building the character). ( dink dit is aan die begin gesÃÆ' ª) In order to deliver a masterful opera performance, the singer actor needs to depict a character successfully. The opera singer needs to be a singer-actor who has mastered the following three pillars (Good Voice, Musicianship and Acting Ability) of the craft and art of Opera Performance. Each of these pillars deserves equal attention with particular reference to the input, mentoring/development and training curriculum of the opera singer (Bron) Further to the intention of the dissertation, it will be important that there are appropriate and comprehensive definitions of these three equally important elements that are based on the relevant literature and which build on the existing body of knowledge in this field. Specifically, this study will integrate the definitions of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A Good Voiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Musicianshipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Acting Abilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? in terms applicable to the Singer-Actorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s optimal performance of Opera. Furthermore, in this dissertation emphasis will be placed on singing techniques, the elements of musicianship, and various relevant acting strategies in the training of a successful opera singer. This dissertation will also include the identification of relevant areas of scholarly attention and future academic research that will add to the existing body of knowledge in this arena. An in-depth literature study of relevant and contemporary sources on these topics have been done to guide the research. Method of research The following methods of research were used to answer the research questions: Consulting of the following databases: JSTOR, Google Scholar, Periodical archive online and IIMP; Literature study Interpretation of information and conclusions A study of Largo al factotum from Puccinià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Il Barbiere di Seviglia on the basis of the score and recordings, in order to ensure a common understanding of how the study could apply to the aria Before the conceptualized terms will be discussed, a concept clarification of the relevant issues at hand, will be provided. 1.1 Concept clarification The Good Voice / The self-amplified singing voice The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“good voiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? can be defined as the ability of the opera singer to project the voice in a way that ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s heard over and above the full orchestra accompanying the singers. This view correlates with the description of Gilfrey (2007:1) who describes the voice as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“classicalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? technique, a manner of singing that projects the voice over a large orchestra in a large theatreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Four elements are essential to produce a sound, namely a vibrating object, a power source to make the object vibrate, a medium through which the vibrations are transmitted and apparatus to receive the vibrations (McKinney,1999:20). The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“self-amplified singing voiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? as described by Gilfrey (2007:1) is the single most important element of opera; the one that distinguishes opera not only from spoken drama, but also from rock and pop music, from jazz and from musical theatre (as it is performed today). Optimal Acoustic Output Acoustic output refers to the optimal projection of the voice to enhance the correct and optimal usage of the voice as an instrument. According to Titze (2002: 367 376) mean glottal airflow (or, alternatively, glottal resistance) has been a target for optimising vocal output power in voice therapy and singing training. Glottal airflow refers to the space between the vocal cords (the fleshly parts of the air passage inside the throat) which produce the sound of the voice by fast or slow moments, in which this space is repeatedly opened and closed (Longman, 1980:484). Generator / Breath Management / Breath Breathing is a natural process which begins at birth an ends with death. This is a natural process for which no training is acquired. The rate of breathing is governed by the bodyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s need for oxygen and needs no conscious controls. The essential difference between breathing to live and breathing to sing, lies in the amount of conscious control exerted (McKinney, 1994: 46). In other words, the breathing process is a spontaneous event for the normal person, but a skill that needs to be mastered by the opera singer to optimise breath control and support for the voice. Vibrator The word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“vibrationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? of the voice refers to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The function of the vibrator is to set the column of still air in the throat and also that in the windpipe à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" in vibrationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The vibratory element of the larynx consists of a highly skilful compromise on the part of nature which enable the opera singer to phonate without interfering with the breathing capacity (Kelsey, 1950: 66). This vibration is a function of the larynx; a device similar to the diaphragm of a sound-system speaker, is the anatomical device through which the sound is created while simultaneously allowing the singer to continue breathing through the same gap (or slit) by which the airflow is controlled. This control is the output of extensive skill learning, disciplined practise and deliberate conscious control (Kelsey, 1950: 66-67). Structure and Function à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Resonator / Supraglottic Activity The word resonator refers to an apparatus for increasing the resonance of sound (Longman, 1980:942). For the purpose of this study, the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“resonanceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? can be defined as secondary vibrations produced by sound waves from another vibrating body (Lessac, 1997:13). He also distinguishes between two types of resonance, namely direct or enforsed resonance and indirect or sympathetic resonance. Direct resonance occurs when a vibrating body is placed in direct physical contact with another substance. For the opera singer direct resonance could be the sound resonating with the outer surfaces of your teeth. Indirect resonance occurs when the sound waves of a vibrating body set up vibrations in a substance some distance away. Sympathetic resonance occurs as the vocal sound waves, travelling through air space from the vocal folds, make contact with the hard pallet and then with the nasal bone (Lessac, 1997:13). The ability to resonate can therefore be described as the amplifying of the human voice. This amplifying can be divided into three sections, including the air contained in the lungs and windpipe, the air contained in the throat and, that contained in the suprapalatal cavity. Each of these can be seen an air-conditioner. Classical Technique (sit nog iets in of haal uit, PL) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In popular usage, art or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"seriousà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ music as opposed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"popularà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ musicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? The Harvard Concise Dictionary of Music and Musicians. CHAPTER 2: The Good Voice in Classical Singing Before the good voice can be discussed, the anatomy of voice production needs to be clarified in short. Lessac (1997:14) defines the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“voice boxà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“human sound boxà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? as the cavity or enclosure where the tone is strengthened, amplified and enriched by resonance and wave reflection. According to Lessac, the voice box comprise two areas: a major adjustable area right above the larynx and the oral cavity and nondadjastable area in the pharynx, the nose, the forehead and adjacent structures. This soundbox can be describe as the singing meganism of which all the parts interdependent of each other, eah of which plays a crucial role in producing the good voice. The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“good voiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? as defined in par 1.1 takes years of concentrated training. This focus on singing technique is the primary focus of most singersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ studiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Gilfrey, 2007:1). A whole voice approach is beneficial for both singer and actor; however actor training programs donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t include singing, and vice versa. Acting is becoming increasingly important for the opera singer, but is seldom supported by the prerequisites of theatre voice and movement (Melton Tom, 2003:135). SÃÆ' ª nog iets oor hoekom training belangrik is. Singing is both a science and an art. Most teachers have at least some appreciation for a scientific singing method and those who donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t often claim to have discovered some long-lost piece of wisdom. This à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“wisdomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is generally already incorporated in the teachings of a well-trained singer. There are some fads that come and go but a singer with good technique and access to his or her emotions will please any audience and have a much broader career with greater longevity (Brown, 2004: 97-104). Technique is central to singing opera, but singing is also an art form, and no art form can be realised by the use of technique alone. Merging voice technique, musicality and emotion through competent acting skill is something that must be taught from the very beginning of the Opera Singerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s development of his/her career. This is because, when occupied in the emotion of the moment, the good voice will acquire nuances that are quintessentially important to conveying the emotional elements of the opera and will thus elevate the singer to a higher level of performance and riveting engagement with the audience. Gebruik onderstaande as daar nog inligting daaroor is, anders voeg saam, PL Every aspect of the voice, used directly of indirectly affects the whole mechanism. For example alignment and breathing are integrally connected to the performerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s range, resonance and articulation. For this reason, some of the relevant aspects affecting the good voice, will be discussed below. 2.1 Vowel modification Vowel Modification and Primal Sound Christy (1961) means that an important criteria for good singing habits is the homogenic shaping of vowels, in other words, they should sound as if they fit together, the vowels must be consistent with each other. Many professional singers never master the art of even vocal production. This can be ascribed to vocal coaches not fully grasping the concept of vowel placement. When this concept is fully understood it is impossible for a singer to not produce vowels freely and comfortably. In the first volume Christy states that once a single vowel is mastered the singer must focus on uniting the remaining vowels in accordance with that of the first. He means that the different vowels should attain a similar sound without losing its distinctive character. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦this is another way of saying vowels have to be equalized by having a common, fundamental tonal characteristic.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? The fundamental tone of the human voice is the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“huhà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? sound. According to Christy this sound should be considered the basic reference to vowel placing because the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“uhà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? sound is the most natural sound that can be produced, as the pharynx is relaxed and in its natural position. Oren C. Brown concurs with Christy, but describes the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“uhà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? sound as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“primal soundà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Primal sounds are involuntary. They are the sounds you were born with. In Beijing , Basel or Boston, a babyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s cry at birth is his primal sound. In 1963, Peter F. Oswald mad a phonetic analysis of the babyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s cry. He labeled the initial sound as a schwa [Éâ„ ¢], (uh as in about), which linked the cry to a babyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s first word, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“mamaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? [mÉâ„ ¢mÉâ„ ¢]. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Mamaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is the first word spoken by babies throughout the whole world. In Korea the word is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“amaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, with the vowel preceding the consonant.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Brown 1998) p. 1 The sound identified by both Brown and Christy can therefore be described as the primal- or natural relaxed sound. As practical advice Brown suggest testing the sound through a range of exploratory exercises: making the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“huhà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? sound in a short repetitive sequence (as if laughing), or a long relaxed sustained à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“huhà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (like a sigh). He also suggests sliding the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“huhà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? up and down the vocal range noting that the sound becomes lighter in the higher range and darker in the lower range. He means that this is natural and advises the singer to note his or her voiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s natural inclinations. Judith Litante also mentions in Natural Approach to Singing (p32) that the vowels used in Italian forms a basis for the study of vowels in singing. She believes that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“they are pureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. The reason for this is that Italian vowels are a compact basis for both English and other non Latin based languages. In English one finds many diphthongs. She means that employing these à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“pureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? vowels or primal sound, as previously mentioned would eliminate the distorted pronunciation of diphthongs; for example extending the last syllable when singing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“sayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, it becomes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“sayeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“kindà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? becomes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“kieendà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. When the vowels are aligned and the vocal structures are in a natural posision, these kinds of distortion is eradicated. 2.2 Breath management Breathing techniques need to be considered holistically and consciously controlled until it becomes an unconscious competence. Sufficient and natural supply of air is needed for voice production. A good posture is an essential part of breathing and should be developed to support the opera singer in his breath management (Brown, 2004:17). This view is supported by Mckinney (1994:46-64) who state that there is a direct and positive correlation between correct posture (diaphragm control, and muscular movements of the chest, back and abdomen) and effective breathing in singing. According to McKinney (1994:48) breathing has four stages, namely a breathing-in period (inhalation), a setting-up-controls period (suspension), a controlled-exhalation period (phonation) and a recovery period. These stages should be repeated till the opera singer has the ability to go through the stages unconsciously. This process can be compared to the person who learns to drive a motorcar and has to concentrate on each step till he gets the ability to perform all the steps automatically. For the opera singer this refers to preparing to breathe, preparing for the phrase, physically singing the phrase and recovering in order for the process to repeat. 2.3 The vibrator 2.4 The resonator 2.5 The articulator Classical Opera training and singing versus Singing pop or secular music The single most important element of opera, the one that distinguishes opera not only from spoken drama, but also from rock and pop music, from jazz and from musical theatre (as it is performed today), is the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“self-amplifiedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? singing voice. This is a voice produced with a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“classicalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? technique, a manner of singing that projects the voice over a large orchestra in a large theatre. The learning of the singing technique this voice requires, takes years of concentrated training. This focus on singing technique is the primary focus of most singersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ studies. CHAPTER 3: Musicianship How the Classical Singer Accesses Demonstrates Musicianship To acquire musicianship a high level of artistic interpretation of songs and knowledge of repertoire is required through years of training. One can not over emphasize the importance of musicianship. It is simply not suffice for a musician to have a musical ear, theoretical and musical knowledge, play an instrument or respond emotionally to music. The artist must be a musician i.e. a singer (Christy Vol 1: 7). According to Miller (Principles of singing p1) a singer can acquire musicianship through classes, studying an instrument (ex. Piano), performing in choirs or through private study and the self-exploration of music. Even though a singer that has exceptional vocal talent, he should receive professional music training and the participation in solo or choral ensembles especially in the first year of study. Many vocal teachers might disagree with this statementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ A singer with a natural talent and an ear for music must be able to imitate sounds and pitches and not just h ear this internally, for example; in a singing lesson the student listens to the vocal teacher and then imitates the vocal sound of the teacher. The same principle applies with rhythm. A sound inner sense of rhythm will contribute to the holistic musicianship of the singer. Besides musicianship, there is also the interpretation of music. According to Christy (1961: Vol 2:110) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Interpretation is the emotional and artistic portrayal; the summation of all music. According to Christy (1961:Vol2:110) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Musicianship is the science of music and interpretation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. A good singer should be familiar with all styles of music and song literature. The singer must be trained in a style and in the interpretation of songs in a particular style. A song has a style that must be established and followed through to the end. It is possible for a singer to become comfortable with a particular style that he can do well in, but he will not realise that what he steers clear of could be very valuable for his musical development. Therefore the teacher should analyse, guide and discuss the songs with the singer, in order to identify the accompanying details of expression. (Christy 1961:Vol2:110-111). The basis of musicianship include the abilities to read and interpret rhythms and intervals, playing the piano accompaniments, acquiring knowledge of the basics of theory and harmony, music and musicians in terms of vocal and instrumental style, schools and song literature. (Christy 1961:Vol1:7) According to Christy 1961:Vol:109, (quoting Curt Atler in the art of accompanying and coaching: 1965: 219) interpretation may be defined as the singerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s act of expressing and communicating meaning, mood and epic, a comedy, or just an expression set to music à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" all in capsule form. To interpret music is to express or reproduce it intrinsically by the singer, in the score. Due to the limitations in music notation, it is the responsibility of the singer to interpret and express the fine distinction between tonal colour, tempo and intensity of the composerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interpretation. The expression can be found in the text and in the setting. According to Christy 1961:Vol2:112, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“when the same song is sung by two sensitive artists, it is highly unlikely that the general style, tone, colour and mood will be markedly different; however, dynamics, tempo, word accentuation, and innumerable details often are.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Thus, the keys mus t be studied by the singer in order to express and keep the interpretation on track. The two requirements for interpretation include the fidelity to the composerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s intent and that it must contain an essentially creative element of the interpreterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own making, illuminating the subject with fresh light. (Christy 1961:Vol1:190). Furthermore, the expression must be honest, sincere, simple and direct, which means that nothing must be added or placed over the music that will distract attention from the work itself. Also, the singer must reproduce the music with insight, imagination and vitality in his own unique way à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" it must not be copied from others. Interpretation has four main factors including appropriate and fervent mood or emotion, eloquent diction, adequate technique and a natural, sincere stage presence. (Christy 1961:Vol1:190). EMBELLISHMENTS Embellishments comprise of, but are not limited to the appoggiatura, acciaccatura, mordent, gruppetto or turn, trill and the portamento. These are techniques that are of vital importance in the interpretation of music. In the appoggiatura, the singer usually has to apply his own taste due to its indeterminate value. There are some accented notes in a melody that form the bass of the intervals since they lean on the next note to which they descend. The appoggiatura was used by singers long before it was written down, because of the enjoyable sound and is often absent in the score. (Shakespeare: 115). The acciaccatura and mordent is different from the appoggiatura as it is written with a stroke through the stem and tail. This does not have an affect on the value of the next note but it is sung much quicker. The acciaccatura is usually a small note where as the appoggiatura is written as a whole note. (Shakespeare: 115). The gruppetto or turn is a group of three or four notes. If the higher interval is a tone, the lower tone is a semitone and if both intervals are semitones it is known as a chromatic turn. (Shakespeare: 115). Sung in rapid alternation with the note of the scale above it, the trill is an embellishment that has a principle note that belongs to the harmony of the composition. A trill is usually finished with a turn. (Shakespeare: 115). The portamento carries the voice from one interval to the next, then passing lightly through the intervening tones. It also indicates a phrase and the Legato rendering of a passage. (Behnke: The technique of singing: 99) Legato Slur Intonation Colour in the voice timbre (emotion) Following the conductor Discuss the concept of DISCIPLINE Technical aspects According to Hayward (see 1994:205) style can be interpreted in many different ways. Interpretation can be defined as communicating understanding. Interpretation can best be expressed in a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own language according to James Nolan in his book Interpretation, Techniques and exercises. Expression and conveying of meaning, feeling and idea through sound can be defined as interpretation (Christy 1967:109). CHAPTER 4: Acting Within the South African context, this integration of The Good Voice, Musicianship and Acting is deficient. There are various reasons for this lack of attention given to the development of acting skills with singer-actors. One is that there are not many qualified tutors in South African institutions that combine the field of acting and musical performance. Another reason is the absence of appropriate development programs and relevant material in curriculums. As a result, there is less interest from students to pursue a career as a singer-actor. In support of this argument, Knobel and Steinert (2002:155) claim that the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“acting teacher should be just as important to you as your singing teacher and can be of great help to you throughout your singing career.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Interestingly enough, contrary to this understanding are the arguments of authors such as Bean, Goldovsky and Balk, who posit that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“acting classes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ are very often of little benefit to the singing actorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Bean (2007:167). These two opposing views illustrate that there are no consensus among academics about the importance of acting skills (al dan nie) of the opera singer. This statement is underpinned by the neglect of some higher education institutions offering voice training, where little or no training in acting is provided. In the quotation below, Bandelj truly captures the spontaneous physiological, psychological and emotional reactions which authentic acting can bring about in the actorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s performance. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“When a singer acts and sings in a mechanical way, it often comes across as disjointed or in some cases ridiculous. It is the emotion that breathes life into the song and makes it relevant, connecting with the audience and transcending facial contortionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Bandelj, 2003:393-394). To avoid that, an actor should utilise the all the involuntary muscle contractions that emotions evoke in the body, either by recalling their own past experiences or imagining themselves personally going through what the character is experiencing. This makes the whole action more believable. Gilfrey, Bonavia agrees that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the ability to act, though considerably under-estimated, is not the only or the most necessary qualification for the operatic stage. Acting in opera is a comparatively modern accomplishmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Bonavia, 1915:79). This observation, by Bonavia, pays homage to the deeply rooted tradition of well-respected opera singers being famous for their magnificence of voice; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“but of their skill in acting there is hardly any mention to be found anywhereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Bonavia, 1915:79). ( Dink hier aan enige ou opera wat opgevoer is en waar daar slegs aandag aan die sang gegee is) Ultimately, Bonavia contradicts (to some extent) the previous argument by identifying an exception. That is Chaliapin who, according to Bonavia, provides the audience with à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ever-changing shades of facial expression à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the whole character left vividly impressed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Chaliapin is the ideal actorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Bonavia, 1915:80). In terms of the attempts made at acting within the Opera world, there is a history and tradition of operatic gesture and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the surprising persistence of melodramatic effects and gestural overstatementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Smart, 2004:26). While this is certainly applicable to the Nineteenth Century, we need to be cognisant of how this tradition à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" of gestural overstatement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" may be (erroneously) assumed to be the only à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“actingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? required of the singer actor in the twenty-first Century. That is, even in the times of Verdi, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the role of gesture à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (grew) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ as formal conventions loosenedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Smart, 2004:136). The appropriate question therefore is, to what extent have formal conventions loosened further, particularly in a world hallmarked by electronic media and social networking? As indicated in the introduction, Television and DVDà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, have provided unrestricted access to Opera to an ever-increasing sophisticated and demanding audience in the entertainment space. This view is further reinforced by the writing of RePass (1953:10-18) who states that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(PL). Building the Character The creation of a character role by the singer-actor is the basis and starting-point of the combination of singing and acting. While it cannot be doubted that an excellent singing technique à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (viz., The Good Voice and Musicianship) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is essential to the success of any opera singer, other skills required for a convincing performance, among them acting, are often given less attention by singers and their teachers (Gilfrey, 2007:1). Innate talent is not the sole factor as the ability of a singer-actor to create a character role is severely impacted by the cultural beliefs of what acting is and also how it is measured. When keeping this in mind it becomes evident that the creation of a character, especially in the case of singer-actors, are based on the teachings of Konstantin Stanislavsky better known as the method acting technique. The method acting technique is an approach that the Russian actor developed to whose approach stresses the internal preparation of actors (Bandelj, 2003:393). This focus differs from that of the other schools of acting namely The English School of Acting, The Bertold Brechtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s epic theatre and Japanese Noh Drama. The interaction experienced by the singer-actors on stage and the director with the constant feedback assures a more lifelike portrayal. The fundamental driver of method acting is the wish to reproduce reality. All (acted) behaviours and interactions need to be seen to be psychologically, emotionally and socially authentic and plausible, while concurrently acting as an integrating mechanism to the plot and to the other cast members. Drawing on his/her own experiences and observations the actor needs to appear spontaneous while using objects in both a symbolic (or metaphorical way) and a literal way (Bandelj, 2003:393). This, and the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“additional use of props to facilitate the portrayal of the situation, are all tied together by the passion of the actor and the pursuit of truth as art imitates life or indeed verisimilitudeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Bandelj, 2003:394). The quality of the voice has much more to do with the correct training and technique, rather than the singerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s natural endowment, especially later in life as the singer ages. *The W questions to build a character role (also mentioned in the PowerPoint) Who? What? Where? When? Why? And HOW? Contributing Elements to Building a Character Costumes Lighting Makeup Decor Lastly (though this last consideration is more often implied than stated), it demands an almost religious devotion on the part of an actor, based onà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the power of truth in acting (Bandelj, 2003:393). Possible contributions of the study To illustrate that the acting training of an prospective opera singer is equally important as the voice training. The results of the study may also have an effect on the training of music students, specialising in singing at the North West University. The study may lead to the design and production of.. (brei uit) Owing to the lack of sufficient literature available on the topic this study may also lead to an increase in literature on the skills and requirements for the training of prospective opera singers Possible challenges The following possible challenges are predicted: The scientific field of research with regard to the topics of skills required for opera singers is very limited and the researcher has to rely on old sources of information. NWU vir goeie voice training, maar weens die feit dat hier nie à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"n dramadepartemente is nie, word hierdie belangrike aspek nie aangespreek nie. Min tyd vir praktiese toepassing in krusus omdat jy gedruk word om in onderwys te gaan. Nog uitbrei! Areas for Future Academic Focus and Research Is it that singing is simply another musical instrument in an orchestra dedicated to Opera; that is, similar to the lead violin but performing on stage? Perhaps this limited view has been influenced by music and opera schools through the preceding 200 years. If opera were not presented to an audience as theatre, would the issues of acting be seen only in the light of the performersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ technical skill? Is the music or voice the vehicle for the drama of the opera? The acting strategies used in opera acting can contemporary acting i.e. Stanislavsky and other Schools of acting, be used to build a model for opera acting? To discuss in depth how to train a Good voice and what the classical technique in different schools of teaching, i.e. German School and Italian Bel Canto School entails and to do a comparison. Concluding comments CHAPTER 5: Conclusion à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Opera singing is a multi-dimensional art form consisting of singing, acting, speaking and dancing. Before you start your studies, you have to be very aware that each of these facets of stage art is equally important. It is never enough to learn singing technique and hope that the rest will develop by itself. Knobel Steinert (2005: p21)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“From the first year onward, work on interpretation. A good singing technique is only the foundation for the profession. A successful opera singer must be a singing actor or actress. To be boring on stage is a deadly sin. Knobel Steinert (2005: p27)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?